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The American Quarter Horse, an icon of the western riding disciplines and one of the favorite horses for the working cowboy is an American product and a beautiful, versatile equine.
Developed for racing the quarter mile by American colonists, it was overshadowed by the Thoroughbred(TB), eventually finding acceptance in the west and southwest as a stock horse.
The Quarter Horse, as it is known today, was bred with considerable TB blood as well as other lines. Influential sires include Janus, and English TB imported to Virginia in 1756; Steel Dust (b. 1843); and Peter McCue (b. 1895), called the most influential sire in improving the breed.
Modern Quarter Horses are generally stocky with well developed, even heavy muscling and deep, broad chests. Although there is once again a greater influence of TB blood causing a move to the Hunter/Jumper type horse for those animals used for pleasure and showing in English disciplines, the standard of Quarter Horse conformation, the stock horse, is still prevalent.
Since stock horses are bred to cut cattle from herds, the ability for fast starts, quick turning, and stopping ability, combined with speed for short distances are essential. For many years little attempt was made to develop a distinct breed; but, in 1940 the American Quarter Horse Association was organized. It is now the largest equine registry in the world. Of the approximately 100,000 foals recorded annually, only about 20% are racing horses. The rest are used as ranch, pleasure, and show horses.
The Quarter Horse ranges in size from 14.2 hands to 16 hands and weighs from 900 to 1250 pounds. They possess a clam, cooperative temperament. Colors vary.
The American Quarter Horse is now a favorite for improving other breeds such as the Appaloosa, Pony of the Americas, Paints and other western type breeds. Many racing Quarter Horses are crossed with TB for increased stamina and distance.
Quarter Horse racing in the United States racing horses at great speed for short distances on a straightaway course, originally a quarter mile, was begun by the early settles in Virginia shortly after Jamestown was established in 1607.
Originally the courses were one-fourth of a mile (400 metres), and now are 220 to 660 yards (200 to 600 metres). Rules are basically the same as for TB racing, but timing is to 1/100th of a second from a standing start.